International Shipping Intermediate

Air Waybill

Also known as: AWB, Airway Bill, Air Consignment Note

Definition

An air waybill (AWB) is the primary document for air cargo shipments, serving as a contract between the shipper and airline, a receipt for goods, and instructions for handling and delivery. Unlike ocean bills of lading, air waybills are non-negotiable.

Air Waybill Functions

Contract of Carriage

  • Terms and conditions of transport
  • Liability limitations
  • Carrier obligations
  • Shipper declarations

Receipt for Goods

  • Proof airline received cargo
  • Description of goods
  • Quantity and weight
  • Condition at acceptance

Customs Document

  • Required for international clearance
  • Supports import/export declarations
  • Value and origin information
  • Harmonized codes

Delivery Instructions

  • Consignee information
  • Handling requirements
  • Special instructions
  • Notify party details

Types of Air Waybills

Master Air Waybill (MAWB)

  • Issued by airline to freight forwarder
  • Covers consolidated shipments
  • Airline’s direct contract
  • Main tracking document for carrier

House Air Waybill (HAWB)

  • Issued by freight forwarder to shipper
  • Individual shipment within consolidation
  • Shipper’s direct contract
  • Links to master AWB

Direct AWB

  • Airline issues directly to shipper
  • No consolidation
  • Single shipment, single document
  • Used for large or direct shipments

AWB Structure

11-Digit AWB Number

123-12345678
│   │
│   └── Serial number (8 digits)
└────── Airline prefix (3 digits)

Example: 001-12345678 (American Airlines)

Standard AWB Boxes

Box Information
1 Shipper name and address
2 Consignee name and address
3 Notify party
4 Issuing carrier’s agent
5 Airport of departure
6 Airport of destination
7-11 Routing and flight info
12-14 Accounting information
15 Value declaration
16-19 Handling information
20-23 Rate and charges
24-29 Other charges, totals

AWB vs. Bill of Lading

Feature Air Waybill Ocean Bill of Lading
Negotiable No Can be negotiable
Title document No Yes (negotiable B/L)
Copies 3 originals 3+ originals
Speed of cargo Hours-days Weeks
Governing rules Warsaw/Montreal Convention Hague-Visby Rules

Completing an Air Waybill

Required Information

Shipper:

  • Company name
  • Full address
  • Contact information

Consignee:

  • Company name
  • Full address
  • Contact for delivery

Shipment Details:

  • Number of pieces
  • Gross weight
  • Dimensions (if volumetric)
  • Nature of goods
  • Harmonized code

Charges:

  • Prepaid or collect
  • Declared value
  • Other charges

AWB Originals and Copies

Traditional Paper AWB

  • Original 1 (Green): Issuing carrier
  • Original 2 (Pink): Consignee
  • Original 3 (Blue): Shipper
  • Additional copies for agents, customs

Electronic AWB (e-AWB)

  • Paperless air waybill
  • Industry standard goal
  • Faster processing
  • Environmental benefits
  • IATA Resolution 672

Special Handling Codes

Code Meaning
PER Perishable
DGR Dangerous goods
VAL Valuable cargo
VUN Vulnerable cargo
AOG Aircraft on ground (urgent)
HUM Human remains
AVI Live animals
PIL Pharmaceuticals

Air Waybill Charges

Weight Charges

  • Based on chargeable weight
  • Higher of actual or volumetric
  • Rate per kg or lb

Volumetric Weight

Formula: (L × W × H cm) ÷ 6000 = kg

Other Charges

  • Fuel surcharge
  • Security surcharge
  • Handling fees
  • Customs clearance
  • Delivery charges

Tracking with AWB

Track using:

  • Airline website (MAWB)
  • Freight forwarder system (HAWB)
  • Third-party tracking services
  • Cargo tracking apps

Status examples:

  • Received from shipper
  • Departed [airport]
  • Arrived [airport]
  • Customs cleared
  • Delivered
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