Common Carrier
Also known as: Public Carrier, For-Hire Carrier
Definition
A common carrier moves freight for anyone willing to pay their rates. UPS, FedEx, USPS, and most trucking companies are common carriers—they can’t refuse service without valid reason and operate under standard rules.
Common Carrier Characteristics
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Public service | Available to all shippers |
| Published rates | Standard pricing (or negotiated) |
| Federal regulation | FMCSA oversight |
| Liability standards | Carmack Amendment applies |
| Non-discrimination | Must serve all equally |
Common vs. Contract vs. Private
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Common carrier | Public for-hire |
| Contract carrier | Exclusive agreements |
| Private carrier | Company’s own fleet |
Common Carrier Obligations
- Cannot unreasonably refuse freight
- Must provide reasonable service
- Published liability limits
- Maintain operating authority
- Follow safety regulations
Common Carrier Liability
Under the Carmack Amendment:
- Carrier liable for loss/damage
- Must prove carrier negligence
- Limited liability provisions
- 9-month claim filing window
- Standard terms on BOL
Examples by Mode
Trucking: YRC, XPO, Saia Parcel: UPS, FedEx, USPS Rail: BNSF, Union Pacific, CSX Air: FedEx, UPS, cargo airlines Ocean: Maersk, MSC, CMA CGM
Working with Common Carriers
- Compare published rates
- Negotiate contracts for volume
- Understand liability limits
- File claims properly
- Track performance metrics
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