Dwell Time
Also known as: Wait Time, Facility Time, Idle Time
Definition
Dwell time measures how long cargo, containers, or vehicles remain stationary at a location during the shipping process. Extended dwell times typically indicate inefficiencies and can lead to additional costs and delays.
Where Dwell Time Occurs
- Ports - Containers waiting for pickup or loading
- Warehouses - Inventory sitting before shipping
- Distribution centers - Packages awaiting processing
- Truck stops - Drivers waiting for appointments
- Cross-docks - Freight awaiting transfer
Impact of High Dwell Time
- Demurrage charges - Container storage fees at ports
- Detention fees - Charges for holding trailers too long
- Reduced capacity - Tied-up equipment can’t be used elsewhere
- Slower inventory turns - Capital trapped in stationary goods
- Driver frustration - Unpaid waiting time
Average Dwell Times
| Location | Typical Range | Target |
|---|---|---|
| Port container | 3-7 days | Under 5 days |
| Warehouse dock | 1-3 hours | Under 2 hours |
| Cross-dock | 2-12 hours | Under 6 hours |
Reducing Dwell Time
- Appointment scheduling - Coordinate arrival times
- Pre-clearance - Complete paperwork before arrival
- Real-time visibility - Track shipments to prepare for arrival
- Process automation - Speed up check-in and documentation
- Carrier scorecards - Hold partners accountable
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