Logistics Metrics Intermediate

Dwell Time

Also known as: Wait Time, Facility Time, Idle Time

Definition

Dwell time measures how long cargo, containers, or vehicles remain stationary at a location during the shipping process. Extended dwell times typically indicate inefficiencies and can lead to additional costs and delays.

Where Dwell Time Occurs

  • Ports - Containers waiting for pickup or loading
  • Warehouses - Inventory sitting before shipping
  • Distribution centers - Packages awaiting processing
  • Truck stops - Drivers waiting for appointments
  • Cross-docks - Freight awaiting transfer

Impact of High Dwell Time

  1. Demurrage charges - Container storage fees at ports
  2. Detention fees - Charges for holding trailers too long
  3. Reduced capacity - Tied-up equipment can’t be used elsewhere
  4. Slower inventory turns - Capital trapped in stationary goods
  5. Driver frustration - Unpaid waiting time

Average Dwell Times

Location Typical Range Target
Port container 3-7 days Under 5 days
Warehouse dock 1-3 hours Under 2 hours
Cross-dock 2-12 hours Under 6 hours

Reducing Dwell Time

  • Appointment scheduling - Coordinate arrival times
  • Pre-clearance - Complete paperwork before arrival
  • Real-time visibility - Track shipments to prepare for arrival
  • Process automation - Speed up check-in and documentation
  • Carrier scorecards - Hold partners accountable
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