FTL Shipping (Full Truckload)
Also known as: FTL, Full Truckload, Truckload Shipping, TL
Definition
FTL (Full Truckload) shipping dedicates an entire trailer to your shipment. Unlike LTL where you share space with other shippers, FTL means your cargo is the only freight on the truck from pickup to delivery.
When to Use FTL
FTL makes sense when:
- Shipment exceeds 10,000 lbs
- You have 10+ pallets
- Goods fill most of a trailer (even if light)
- Time-sensitive delivery is critical
- Freight is fragile or high-value
FTL Advantages
| Benefit | Why It Matters |
|---|---|
| Faster transit | Direct route, no terminal stops |
| Less handling | Loaded once, unloaded once |
| Lower damage risk | No consolidation with other freight |
| Predictable pickup | You set the schedule |
| Potential savings | Cheaper per pound for large shipments |
Trailer Types
| Type | Dimensions | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Dry Van | 53’ × 8.5’ × 9' | Most common; general freight |
| Refrigerated (Reefer) | 53’ standard | Temperature-sensitive goods |
| Flatbed | 48-53' | Oversized, machinery, construction |
| Step Deck | 48-53' | Tall equipment |
| Conestoga | 53’ standard | Tarped for weather protection |
Standard dry van capacity: ~45,000 lbs or 26 standard pallets
FTL Pricing
FTL rates are typically quoted per truck/per mile rather than by weight:
Key factors:
- Distance (mileage)
- Lane popularity (supply/demand)
- Fuel costs
- Equipment type needed
- Pickup/delivery requirements
- Seasonality
Example: A 1,000-mile FTL might cost $2,000-3,500 depending on these factors.
FTL vs. LTL Breakpoint
The cost crossover typically occurs around:
- 8-12 pallets
- 10,000-15,000 lbs
- When LTL quotes exceed ~70% of FTL rates
Always get both quotes for shipments near this threshold.
Booking FTL Freight
Options:
- Freight brokers - Connect you with carriers; handle paperwork
- Direct with carriers - Negotiate rates directly
- Load boards - Post loads for carriers to bid
- TMS software - Transportation management systems
FTL Tips
- Book in advance - Especially for peak seasons
- Flexible pickup windows - Saves money
- Accurate weight - Overweight trucks face DOT fines
- Secure loads - Shifting cargo damages goods
- Verify insurance - Confirm carrier coverage limits
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