Logistics Metrics Intermediate

Inventory Turnover

Also known as: Stock Turnover, Inventory Turns, Turn Rate

Definition

Inventory turnover is a ratio that shows how efficiently a company manages its inventory by measuring how many times stock is sold and replaced over a specific period, typically a year.

How to Calculate

Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold ÷ Average Inventory

Example:

  • Annual COGS: $500,000
  • Average inventory value: $100,000
  • Turnover = $500,000 ÷ $100,000 = 5 turns per year

You can also calculate days of inventory: Days of Inventory = 365 ÷ Inventory Turnover

In the example above: 365 ÷ 5 = 73 days of inventory on hand

What Good Turnover Looks Like

Industry Typical Turnover
Grocery 12-20 turns
Apparel 4-6 turns
Electronics 6-8 turns
Furniture 4-6 turns
Auto parts 6-8 turns

High vs. Low Turnover

High Turnover (Good)

  • Less capital tied up in inventory
  • Fresher products
  • Lower storage costs
  • But: Risk of stockouts if too high

Low Turnover (Problematic)

  • Cash tied up in slow-moving stock
  • Risk of obsolescence
  • Higher storage costs
  • May indicate overstocking or weak sales

Improving Inventory Turnover

  1. Better demand forecasting - Stock what will actually sell
  2. Reduce lead times - Order more frequently in smaller quantities
  3. Eliminate dead stock - Discount or liquidate slow movers
  4. Optimize reorder points - Balance stockouts vs. overstock
  5. Improve product mix - Focus on faster-moving items
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