Warehouse Operations Intermediate

Pick Path

Also known as: Pick Route, Travel Path, Picking Route

Definition

A pick path is the sequence and route that warehouse workers follow when collecting items to fulfill orders. Optimized pick paths minimize travel distance, reduce picking time, and improve overall warehouse productivity.

Pick Path Strategies

Serpentine (S-Pattern)

  • Picker travels up one aisle, down the next
  • Simple, intuitive pattern
  • Works well for dense picking

Shortest Distance

  • Algorithmic optimization
  • Visits locations in most efficient order
  • Requires WMS support

Zone-Based

  • Picker stays within assigned zone
  • Reduces travel distance
  • Orders consolidated later

Directed

  • WMS tells picker exactly where to go
  • Optimizes based on current picks
  • Most sophisticated approach

Pick Path Optimization Factors

Factor Impact
Slotting Fast movers in accessible locations
Pick density Items per path segment
Order batching Combine orders for efficiency
Aisle width Affects equipment and speed
Pick method Each, case, or pallet
Equipment Cart, forklift, conveyor

Calculating Pick Path Efficiency

Travel Time % = Travel Time ÷ Total Pick Time × 100

Industry benchmarks:

  • Poor: 60%+ travel time
  • Average: 40-50% travel time
  • Good: 30-40% travel time
  • Excellent: <30% travel time

Improving Pick Paths

Layout Changes

  • Place fast movers near pack stations
  • Group frequently ordered together items
  • Minimize backtracking requirements

Process Changes

  • Batch orders strategically
  • Use zone picking for large facilities
  • Implement wave planning

Technology

  • WMS-directed picking
  • Voice picking guidance
  • Pick-to-light systems
  • Autonomous mobile robots

Pick Path Metrics

  • Picks per hour
  • Distance traveled per order
  • Travel time vs. pick time ratio
  • Lines picked per trip
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