Logistics Metrics Intermediate

Throughput

Also known as: Processing Throughput, Warehouse Throughput, Order Throughput

Definition

Throughput is a measure of the quantity of work completed within a specific time period. In logistics, it typically refers to the number of orders, units, cases, or pallets processed through a warehouse or fulfillment operation.

Common Throughput Measures

Measure Unit Use Case
Orders per hour Orders/hr E-commerce fulfillment
Units per hour Units/hr Pick productivity
Cases per hour Cases/hr Distribution centers
Pallets per day Pallets/day Warehouse receiving
Lines per hour Lines/hr Picking operations

Calculating Throughput

Throughput = Units Processed ÷ Time Period

Example:

  • 500 orders processed
  • 8-hour shift
  • Throughput = 62.5 orders/hour

Throughput by Operation

Operation Typical Measure
Receiving Pallets/hour, cartons/hour
Put-away Pallets/hour
Picking Units/hour, lines/hour
Packing Orders/hour
Shipping Packages/hour

Factors Affecting Throughput

Increase Throughput

  • Better processes/workflows
  • Automation technology
  • Staff training
  • Improved slotting
  • Reduced travel time

Decrease Throughput

  • Complex orders
  • Product mix changes
  • Equipment failures
  • Staff shortages
  • Quality issues

Throughput Planning

Capacity Planning

  • Throughput defines capacity
  • Plan staffing to throughput requirements
  • Scale equipment to volume needs

Peak Planning

  • Throughput requirements increase during peaks
  • May need temporary labor/equipment
  • Build contingency into plans

Throughput vs. Cycle Time

Throughput Cycle Time
How many completed How long each takes
Volume metric Time metric
System-level view Individual task view
Orders/hour Minutes/order

Improving Throughput

  1. Analyze current bottlenecks
  2. Streamline workflows
  3. Implement automation
  4. Optimize labor allocation
  5. Improve equipment utilization
  6. Reduce non-productive time
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