Unit Load
Also known as: Unitized Load, Load Unit, Shipping Unit
Definition
A unit load is a collection of individual items or packages combined into a single unit for more efficient handling, storage, and transportation. By consolidating many pieces into one handling unit, logistics operations become faster and less prone to errors.
Benefits of Unit Loads
- Fewer handling touchpoints - Move many items at once
- Faster loading/unloading - Forklifts vs. manual handling
- Reduced damage - Less individual package handling
- Better space utilization - Stackable, consistent sizes
- Simplified counting - Count units, not pieces
Common Unit Load Types
| Type | Typical Contents | Handling Equipment |
|---|---|---|
| Palletized | Cases on pallet | Forklift, pallet jack |
| Slip sheet | Cases on plastic sheet | Push-pull attachment |
| Container | Mixed or palletized | Crane, chassis |
| Roll cage | Packages for delivery | Manual pushing |
| Gaylord/bin | Loose items or bulk | Forklift |
Unit Load Design Considerations
Stability
- Proper stacking patterns (brick, column)
- Stretch wrap or banding
- Weight distribution
Size
- Standard pallet footprint (40"×48" in US, 1200×800mm in EU)
- Height limits for trucks/racking
- Weight limits for handling equipment
Compatibility
- Match to truck/container dimensions
- Fit in rack storage
- Fork pocket accessibility
Calculating Unit Load Capacity
Consider:
- Floor space dimensions
- Maximum stack height
- Maximum weight
- Product dimensions and weight
- Packing pattern efficiency
Unitization Equipment
- Stretch wrapper - Secures loads with film
- Strapping machine - Bands pallets together
- Shrink wrap tunnel - Heat-sealed covers
- Slip sheet dispenser - Alternative to pallets
- Corner boards - Protect edges during strapping
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