X-Ray Inspection
Also known as: Container Scanning, Non-Intrusive Inspection, NII
Definition
X-ray inspection scans cargo containers and packages to detect threats, contraband, or discrepancies without physically opening them. It’s a key security tool at ports, borders, and shipping facilities.
Types of X-Ray Systems
| System | Use Case |
|---|---|
| Portal scanners | Drive-through for trucks |
| Mobile units | Flexible deployment |
| Pallet scanners | Air cargo, warehouses |
| Parcel scanners | Package inspection |
| Handheld | Targeted inspection |
What X-Ray Detects
- Weapons and explosives
- Contraband (drugs, counterfeit goods)
- Undeclared cargo
- Stowaways
- Density anomalies
- Hidden compartments
Where Inspection Occurs
Ports of entry:
- Seaports (container terminals)
- Land borders
- Airports (cargo facilities)
In-country:
- Distribution centers
- Postal facilities
- Customs examination stations
X-Ray vs. Physical Inspection
| X-Ray | Physical |
|---|---|
| Non-intrusive | Opens container |
| Fast screening | Time-consuming |
| Identifies targets | Confirms findings |
| Lower cost per scan | Higher cost |
| May miss some items | Thorough |
Impact on Shipping
- Random or targeted selection
- Minimal delay if cleared
- Hours/days if flagged
- Costs typically absorbed by importer
- C-TPAT members may have fewer inspections
Reducing Inspection Risk
- Accurate documentation
- Trusted shipper programs
- Consistent shipping patterns
- Known supplier relationships
- Security certifications
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